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Sorting Based on Bits - The Technical Background of Digital Markers in the Context of High-Quality Recyclate Generation

The entire plastics value chain is currently looking for new processes to produce high-quality recyclates. One measure is to add relevant product-specific information that can be retrieved during the sorting process. Digital watermarks are currently being discussed for this purpose. However, the basics of this technology are currently only known to a limited extent in the recycling industry. This paper first gives a brief overview of the theory and principles of digital watermarking. Next, the characteristics of watermarks are presented to improve the understanding of the strengths and limitations of this technology. Finally, the encoding process on physical products and the decoding process in sensor-based sorting are highlighted.

In the nexus of new regulatory requirements of the European Union in the framework of the EuropeanPlastics Strategy, increasing ambitions of companies regarding their impact on climateand resource consumption, and the desire of consumers for a sustainable lifestyle, the qualityrequirements for plastic recyclates are increasing. This is currently reflected in the demand formaterial streams that consider not only the polymer type but also other, non-inherent (material)properties such as food grade or distributor. As a result, the entire value chain is looking for newprocesses that enable plastic packaging waste to be sorted according to properties beyond thepolymer type. In principle, this can be achieved either through alteration of the evaluation processduring the sorting (e.g., the usage of machine learning) or on the product itself (e.g., throughadding tracer substances or digital watermarks). This contribution addresses the technical backgroundof digital watermarks as there is currently only a limited understanding in the recyclingindustry of the principles behind this technology, which is already used for long time in digital systems.

Copyright:	© Lehrstuhl für Abfallverwertungstechnik und Abfallwirtschaft der Montanuniversität Leoben
Quelle:	Recy & Depotech 2022 (November 2022)
Seiten:	4
Preis:	€ 2,00
Autor:	Nikolai Kuhn
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