Regenerative Energie
Incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) generates solid residues consisting of combustion products, unburned waste and products resulting from treatment of stack gases. The most important products are bottom ash and air pollution control residues (APC), in which fly ash is included. The management options available for the solid residues are utilization and landfilling. After pretreatment and ageing, bottom ashes are often utilized, predominantly in roads or construction works (Astrup, 2007). In contrast to the bottom ashes, APC residues require a much more comprehensive treatment to meet Waste Acceptance Criteria for landfilling. This is due to their high levels of soluble salts and heavy metals which can potentially leach causing environmental damages. Also the content of dioxins in the residues constitutes an environmental
threat.
Numerous treatment options exist for APC residues, and each option has different environmental strengths and weaknesses. To evaluate the environmental impacts related to the various treatment methods, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed on five alternative treatment options. The results of the LCA showed that Global Warming, Human Toxicity via Soil and Water, and Ecotoxicity in Water were the most important impact categories the first 100 years. After 100 years the majority of the heavy metals still remained in the residues due to the long-term leaching properties of metals causing Stored Ecotoxicty to be an important impact. No clear recommendations can be given as no management option proved significantly better or worse than the others. The transportation distance of the residues, however, had great influence on the results.
| Copyright: | © IWWG International Waste Working Group |
| Quelle: | Specialized Session E (Oktober 2007) |
| Seiten: | 8 |
| Preis: | € 8,00 |
| Autor: | Thilde Fruergaard Thomas Astrup |
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Rechtliche und praktische Unsicherheiten bei der Durchführung des europäischen Klimaanpassungsrechts durch das Bundes- Klimaanpassungsgesetz (KAnG)
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (6/2025)
In the context of the European Climate Law (EU) 2021/1119), the Governance Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 and the Nature Restoration Regulation (EU) 2024/1991, the KAnG came into force on July 1, 2024.
Transformatives Klimarecht: Raum, Zeit, Gesellschaft
© Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft mbH (6/2025)
This article contends that climate law should be conceived as inherently transformative in a double sense. The law not only guides the necessary transformation of economy and society, but is itself undergoing transformation.
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© Springer Vieweg | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH (5/2025)
Die Landestalsperrenverwaltung des Freistaates Sachsen (LTV) betreibt aktuell insgesamt 87 Stauanlagen, darunter 25 Trinkwassertalsperren. Der Stauanlagenbestand ist historisch gewachsen und wurde für unterschiedliche Zwecke errichtet.