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Application and environmental risk of MSWI bottom ash in the Netherlands

The Dutch Ministry of Environment in 2005 commissioned an investigation into almost 20 years of application of bottom ash in various projects. Over the period 1986 to 2004 92 percent of the material applied could be retrieved. Embankments for motorways and railroads made up for 53% of the applied material. Foundations for industrial activities accounted for 27%. On landfills 18% was applied as construction material. Only 1% was used as road base. It was concluded that the highest environmental risk occurred in embankments. The environmental risk reduced in road base and foundations. The lowest environmental risk occurred in application on landfills.

The Netherlands have no natural bed rock formations. It is a densely populated country which makes it hard to find acceptable sites for excavation of sand and gravel. Overall there is a shortage of construction materials. It is obvious that the Dutch government both from its environmental protection and its mobility and flood protection targets has an interest in the availability of materials that replace ‘virgin’ construction materials. Secondary construction materials are derived from recycling of construction and demolition waste and decontamination of soil and sand. But also materials like steel slag and municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash are used. Unless the quality of the material does not allow it, the Dutch national waste management policy with respect to residues from waste incineration focuses on recycling (Ministry of Environment, 2004). Recycling in this respect should be understood as useful application in the form of reuse of material. The target is to apply at least 80% of all incineration residues (bottom ashes (or slags), fly ashes and flue gas treatment residues) as construction material in roads, railways, waterways and coastal protection. The national waste management policy furthermore states that application in large scale projects is preferred from an environmental, economical and control point of view. Useful application as construction material is specified as minimum standard for the management of MSWI bottom ash. The considerations are that this is in line with the current practice, in which 100% of the MSWI bottom ash receives a useful application as construction material. It is therefore feasible and reliable. It is also generally considered to be cost effective. This minimum standard reduces the need for primary construction materials without requiring treatment of waste materials that has a negative environmental impact.

Copyright:	© IWWG International Waste Working Group
Quelle:	Venice Conference 2006 (November 2006)
Seiten:	13
Preis:	€ 12,00
Autor:	Heijo Scharff
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